The concept of linking expectations to performance is called the "Pygmalion Effect". The original Pygmalion was a mythological artist who carved a statue of the ideal woman. His statue was so beautiful and lifelike that he fell in love with his creation. His love was so strong, the goddess Venus came to his rescue and brought the statue to life.
The Pygmalion effect is a type of other-imposed self-fulfilling prophecy that states the way you treat someone has a direct impact on how that person acts. If another person thinks something will happen, they may consciously or unconsciously make it happen through their actions or inaction.
This
concept applies to business. When managers genuinely believe their
employees are competent and responsible, they are more likely to treat
them in ways that facilitate their ability to succeed. When managers
doubt the competence of employees, they are more likely to focus on
shortcomings and less likely to give the employee stretch goals. These
employees may likely adjust to these low expectations.
There
are specific behaviors that communicate our expectations, whether high
or low, to another person. Our beliefs influence these behaviors. It is
ultimately the choice of the employee to meet these expectations, but
you can influence their decision. As Warren Bennis wrote in his book, On
Becoming A Leader, “Employees, more often than not, appear to do what
they are expected to do.”
Managers
can communicate their expectations of employees, positive or negative,
without realizing it. There are specific behaviors that managers use to
do this. Dr. Robert Rosenthal of Harvard University created the Four
Factor Theory to categorize the elements of these behaviors.
• Climate
Climate describes the non-verbal messages from the manager. Climates can be encouraging or discouraging.
• Feedback
Managers
give more positive feedback to high expectation employees. Frequent,
specific praise achieves better results than random, vague feedback.
• Input
Input
consists of the amount of information given to an employee. A high
expectation employee receives the resources needed to do the job well,
while a low expectation employee receives little information on how to
improve the work.
• Output
Output
is the amount of information requested from the employee. The high
expectation employees have more opportunities to offer their opinions
and receive more assistance in finding solutions to their problems.
As
a manager or supervisor, your aim is to get the best performance from
the people who work from you. If you have high expectations of a member
of your team, this can reinforce your efforts. On the other hand, if you
convey lower expectations of an individual, this can undermine your
efforts to improve his or her performance.
Without
knowing it, you may show low expectations by delegating less
challenging and interesting work. You may pay less attention to team
members' performance and give them less support and praise. In return,
the team member may feel undervalued and untrusted, and his or her
confidence may be undermined. And so your lower expectations, albeit
unconsciously communicated, can demotivate the team member, creating the
exact opposite effect of the performance improvement that you want.
More than this, the effect of low expectations can create a vicious circle – you expect less, you get less, you lower your expectations and further demotivate, and so on.
The
good news is that the opposite is also true. By setting and
communicating higher expectations, you can motivate team members and
create a virtuous circle leading to continuously improving performance.
To your greater success and fulfillment,
Peter Mclees, Leadership Coach, Trainer and Performance Consultant
SMART DEVELOPMENT
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